Women's Africa Committee Records, 1958-1978
General International Standard for Archival Description
Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
Finding aid encoded in NoteTab Pro. Encoded by Jennifer Smar. 2005-11-07
Encoded Archival Description
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 2002
collection
Women's Africa Committee Records
Creation of Women's Africa Committee Records
Time of Creation of Women's Africa Committee Records
Women's Africa Committee
Biographical History for: Women's Africa Committee Records
Historical Note In 1958 representatives of women's organizations and women active in the U.S. State Department's overseas outreach efforts formed the Africa Program Committee in order to coordinate existing efforts of women's projects in Africa and emphasize "working with women in new ways, making use of new patterns with full recognition of the indigenous ways of the people." While professionals in the U.S. State Department participated in the founding, early organizers endeavored to establish the Committee as a non-governmental entity. Upon affiliation with the African-American Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based organization that sponsored educational opportunities for African students, the Africa Program Committee was renamed the Women's Africa Committee. The name change reflected the organization's interest in programs designed for African women in particular. The early efforts of the Women's Africa Committee targeted the wives of diplomats of the newly independent nations. They provided assistance to ease the transition into everyday life in the United States. Their programming soon became more ambitious, and they sought to foster cultural and educational exchange between the U.S. and Africa. Advisors, board members, and officers of the group included such eminent professionals and clubwomen as Dorothy Height, Dorothy Ferebee, Jeanne Noble, and Lorraine Hansberry. Zelia Ruebhausen, active in the League of Women Voters and the United Nations and a visitor to Africa, worked closely with the organization as a volunteer and chairman of the board, and she shepherded some of the group's more enduring programs. With private funding as well as financial assistance from the State Department, the Summer Leadership Scholarship Program provided young African women studying in U.S. universities training and fieldwork for instituting community development programs toward the end of helping them establish programs to meet community needs in their homelands. The Community Service Program addressed the educational needs of established women community leaders. It aided women of different regions each year by sponsoring their travel to the U.S. and providing homestays for women to observe and participate in different American women's organizations. For example, a Ugandan teacher stayed in Dubuque, Iowa, and worked with the 4-H club. Institutions like the Girl Scouts, nursing homes, and churches throughout the country worked with program participants to introduce them to American community projects and volunteer efforts. In 1978, Zelia Ruebhausen and Bonnie Schultz, an African-American Institute staff member, toured Africa on a fact-finding mission for the Institute, which sought to initiate training programs for women in Africa. Although the Women's Africa Committee no longer exists, the African-American Institute, now known as the Africa-America Institute, continues to provide educational and training resources to African students.
Scope and Contents of the Collection The Women's Africa Committee Records consist of half a linear foot of documents received from board member and chairwoman Zelia Ruebhausen. The small collection dates from 1958 to 1978 and includes administrative records, bylaws, brochures, publicity, project files, publications, newspaper clippings, correspondence, reports, and photographs. The bulk of the collection documents the Community Service Program, in which African leaders participated in women's volunteer and educational efforts in various American locales. These records illuminate American efforts at cultural exchange with the emerging independent African nations, particularly as they affected clubwomen in the U.S. and participating women community leaders from a range of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Situated in a time period in which the U.S. government sought to counteract potential Communist influence on international perceptions of the U.S. but before the widespread adoption of pan-African identity among black Americans, the efforts of the Women's Africa Committee reflect both New Frontier-style cosmopolitanism and a tradition of women's club's outreach efforts. Such initiatives blended the interests of white and black clubwomen to aid their counterparts from across the globe. Although the records reveal much more of the viewpoints and attitudes of the committee women than of the African women who were served by the programs, writings from both administrators and participants describe the process and enduring impact of cross-cultural education. Publications from the organization include educational materials such as a bibliography on African women as well as more analytical writings like "Do's and Dont's for Conducting Programs in Africa" and Women in Modern Africa, an assessment of the changing social and familial roles of African women amidst the major political and economic shifts of the mid-twentieth century. A small folder of hostile public response material contains a broadside of racist invective and a critical article from the African American press. Project files document three different programs and contain a variety of materials. The Community Service Program is most comprehensively documented and consists of planning materials, memoranda, and reports from program participants and administrators. Participants' reports to the Women's Africa Committee and memoranda regarding participants' adjustment experiences capture both the difficulties and rewards cultural exchange. Materials from the Leadership Training Program are minimal but include a similarly revealing memorandum. The Women in Development fact-finding trip undertaken by Zelia Ruebhausen and Bonnie Schultz in 1978 is documented by reports, typed notes of meetings with community leaders and educators, plus notes on follow-up meetings with former project participants. The three scrapbooks were compiled for Zelia Ruebhausen to commemorate her service on the Board of Directors, and they contain many items of interest. They include minutes from the first meetings of the Africa Program Committee and its reorganization under the auspices of the African-American Institute; publications; African and American newspaper clippings; and memoranda, reports, clippings, and photographs of the Community Service Projects from 1962 to 1966. They feature a rich collection of photographs of program participants engaged in activities designed for their introduction to American culture ranging from farm tours and fashion shows to classroom scenes. In addition to program participants, photographs include images of Zelia Ruebhausen, G. Mennen Williams, Miriam Makeba, and Margaret Kenyatta. (Note: materials were removed from original scrapbook binders and placed in folders for preservation purposes.)
Women--Africa--Social conditions--20th century--Sources
lcsh
Women in community development--Africa--History--20th century--Sources
Women--International cooperation--History--20th century--Sources
African-American Institute. Women's Africa Committee--History--Sources
Administration: annual meeting report, brochures, publicity, bylaws, rules of procedure, and letterhead, 1960, 1964-69, n.d.
Public response (hostile): typescript and clipping, 1960, n.d.
Correspondence from program participants, 1968, 1971, n.d.
Publications
Contemporary African Women: An Introductory Bibliographical Overview and a Guide to Women's Organizations, 1960-1967, 1968
"Do's and Dont's for Conducting Programs in Africa," circa 1961
The Place of the Family in the Socio-Economic Progress of Africa: Polygamy vs. Monogamy, edited by Mrs. O. Nwazuloha Sofola (2 copies), 1965
The Second National Kenya Women's Seminar: The African Woman Builds the Nation, 1963
Women of Modern Africa by Elizabeth Hunting Wheeler, 1966
Programs
Community Service Program: participants' and administrators' reports, membership list, and published reports, 1963, 1967-68
Leadership Training Program: brochure and report, 1962, 1968
Women in Development trip: itineraries, typed notes, reports, recommendations, photograph, and clipping, 1978
Scrapbooks
Volume I: "Committee Formation, Publications, Fund-Raising and Conference Participation": includes photographs (Zelia Ruebhausen, Margaret Kenyatta, Miriam Makeba, and G. Mennen Williams), histories, minutes, memoranda, conference materials, and publications, 1958-66, n.d.
Volume II: "Community Service Program": includes biographical information; photographs; reports, and clippings, 1962-66
Volume III: "Peg Snyder, Volunteers Program and Summer Scholarship Program": includes photographs, clippings, correspondence, reports, and memoranda, 1961-66, n.d.